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''Banmi Shofu-ryū'' is a school of Ikebana, an ancient Japanese art form that involves arranging flowers for spiritual purposes.〔Carrasco, R. (2010) Banmi Shofu Ryu Manuscript.〕 Ikebana accompanied Buddhism’s arrival in Japan in the 6th century and evolved from a Buddhist ritual. This ritual, which started in India, consisted of throwing “floral offerings” to the spirits of those who had passed.〔 By the 10th century, containers were used for the floral offerings, slowly representing the development of Ikebana. ''Kado'', which means “way of the flower,” is used in Ikebana practice and began to spread into more of an aesthetic than a spiritual representation during this time.〔Shimbo, S. (2007).''The Ten Virtues of Ikebana''. Retrieved from http://www.japep.com.au/Ikebana_Zen.pdf〕 By the 15th century, Ikebana embodied what it is known for today, an art form with a spiritual foundation.〔 Ikebana is a way to connect with the flowers through active meditation, producing calmness and concentration for those who engage in this complex and expressional art.〔 Ikebana has also been shown to have calming physiological effects on both creators and viewers of the art.〔Watters, A. M., & Backman, C. L. (2013). Occupational engagement and meaning: The experience of Ikebana practice. ''Journal of Occupational Science, 20''(3), 262-277. doi:10.1080/14427591.2012.709954〕〔Sasaki, M., Oizumi, R., Homma, A., Masaoka, Y., Iijima, M., & Homma, I. (2011). Effects of viewing Ikebana on breathing in humans. ''The Showa University Journal of Medical Sciences, 23''(1), 59-65. doi: 10.15369/sujms.23.59. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sujms/23/1/23_1_59/_article〕 ''Banmi Shofu Ryu'', like all schools, originated from the first school of Ikebana.〔 Bessie ''Yoneko Banmi'' Fooks, 1st Generation Headmaster and creator of ''Banmi Shofu Ryu'', received her title in 1962 through the effortless and natural forms her Ikebana creations when she resided in Japan.〔 Frequent visits to Kaohsiung Taiwan allowed Fooks to continue her studies and eventually earn her professor’s certificate and authorization for the establishment of ''Banmi Shofu Ryu''.〔 Fooks began her teachings in Tainan, Taiwan and continued to exhibit and demonstrate her works in several countries around the world for over 50 years. Fooks characteristically used driftwood to connect her floral arrangements with their living spirit.〔 In ''Banmi Shofu Ryu'', driftwood is the essence of the Ikebana creations.〔 Before her passing, Fooks formed a flower relationship with Dr. Ricardo ''Bansho'' Carrasco and later named him 2nd Generation Headmaster (Iemoto) of ''Banmi Shofu Ryu''.〔 ''Bansho'' Ric-''sensei'' implemented a 5-year plan for the formalization of his shared vision with Fooks, which until then had remained un-communicated to the community and only to the Fooks family In Japan and Hawaii.〔 Formalization of ''Banmi Shofu Ryu'' included publication of books: ''Driftwood & Flowers, Telling Stories through Flowers, Banmi Shofu Ryu: From Samurai Beginnings to Contemporary Designs'', and ''Banmi Shofu Ryu Kaden''. A brochure and website were also published and several workshops, demonstrations, and exhibitions commenced.〔 The vision created by Bessie ''Banmi-sensei'' Fooks and ''Bansho'' Ric-''sensei'' Carrasco viewed ''Banmi'' flowers, ''kado''. In 1996, the curriculum was refined based on a Japanese manual of flower arrangement. Passed down by ''Bansui Ohta''; this curriculum is now used as the basis for ''Banmi Shofu Ryu'' teaching.〔 The overall purpose of this school is to demonstrate the art of Ikebana and to find new talent to promote and pass down the traditions of this fine art.〔 ==Three Main Branches== Ikebana style greatly contrasts symmetrical and full western approaches.〔Moriyama, M., & Moriyama, M. (2000). A comparison between asymmetric Japanese Ikebana and symmetric western flower arrangement. http://www.scipress.org/journals/forma/pdf/1404/14040355.pdf〕 Every design in Ikebana is made up of three main branches, regardless of which school is used or the purpose of the arrangement.〔Sato, S. (1960). The art of arranging flowers: A complete guide to Japanese Ikebana. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/clc/504034〕 In ''Banmi Shofu Ryu'' Ikebana, the three main stems are ''Shin'', ''Soe'', and ''Uke''. Their measurements are all based upon the size of the container.〔 The angle and length of the stems are an important part of deciding the style of the arrangement for traditional designs.〔 When a cascading or slanted arrangement is made, the stems will not fall in the same way as traditional styles, making some of the shorter branches appear taller than the longer branches.〔 ''Shin'' is the first stem and it is based on the diameter plus height or depth of the container times one and a half.〔 ''Soe'' is the second stem, and it is two thirds the length of ''shin''.〔 ''Uke'' is the third main stem, and it is one third to two thirds the length of ''soe''.〔 There are also two other stems used in Ikebana, but they are not considered to be main stems.〔 ''Jushi'' are assistant stems, which are shorter than the main stems they support; and any amount of ''jush'' can be used in an arrangement.〔 ''Ashirai'' are filler stems at the bottom and provide support for the main and assistant stems.〔 Stems are placed at certain angles in arrangements, since space is a very important element of Ikebana design.〔 ''Shin'' is 10-90 degrees within the 180-degree arc.〔 ''Soe'' is placed -40 degrees from 90 degrees of a 180-degree arc to the front side of ''shin''.〔 ''Uke'' is -70 degrees from 90 degrees of a 180-degree arc on the side of ''shin'', opposite of ''soe''.〔 These different arcs allow for the design to be three-dimensional and act as a guide to allow for intentional space.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Banmi Shofu-ryū」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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